First quarter of 2014
Annual
growth in labour costs slowed to 0.9% in euro area and 1.2% in EU28
Hourly
labour costs1
rose by 0.9% in the euro
area2
(EA18) and by 1.2% in the EU282
in the first quarter of 2014, compared with the same quarter of the
previous year. In the fourth quarter of 20133,
hourly labour costs increased by 1.6% in the euro
area
and by 1.4% in the EU28.
These figures are published by Eurostat,
the statistical office of the European Union.
The
two main components of labour costs are wages & salaries and
non-wage costs. In the euro
area, wages &
salaries per hour worked grew by 1.5% while the non-wage component
decreased by 0.8%, in the first quarter of 2014 compared with the
same quarter of the previous year. In the fourth quarter of 2013 the
annual increases were 2.0% and 0.4% respectively. In the EU28,
hourly wages & salaries rose by 1.7% while the non-wage component
decreased by 0.3% for the first quarter of 2014, compared with +1.7%
and +0.4% respectively for the fourth quarter of 2013.
Breakdown
by economic activity
In
the first quarter of
2014 compared with the same quarter of the previous year, hourly
labour costs in the euro
area rose by 0.7%
in industry, by 1.9% in construction, by 1.3% in services and by 0.5%
in the (mainly) non-business economy. In the EU28,
labour costs per hour grew by 1.1% in industry, by 1.9% in
construction, by 1.6% in services and by 0.6% in the (mainly)
non-business economy.
Member
States
Among
the Member States for which data are available for the first
quarter of 2014, the highest annual increases in hourly labour costs
for the whole economy were registered in Latvia
(+7.0%),
Estonia
(+6.8%), Romania
(+5.3%) and Poland
(+4.2%). Decreases were recorded in Cyprus
(-6.9%),
Croatia
(-1.7%),
Ireland
(-0.2%) and Italy
(-0.1%).
(-0.1%).
* Not working day adjusted
- The Labour Cost Index is a short-term indicator showing the development of hourly labour costs incurred by employers. It is calculated dividing the labour cost in national currency by the number of hours worked. Therefore, the development of both variables, labour costs and hours worked, affects the evolution of the index.
The
quarterly changes in hourly employers’ costs are measured for total
labour costs and the main components: wages and salaries; and labour
costs other than wages and salaries (non-wage costs). Total labour
costs (TOT) cover wage and non-wage costs less subsidies. They do not
include vocational training costs or other expenditures such as
recruitment costs, spending on working clothes, etc.
Wage
and salary costs (WAG) include direct remuneration, bonuses, and
allowances paid by an employer in cash or in kind to an employee in
return for work done, payments to employees saving schemes, payments
for days not worked and remuneration in kind such as food, drink,
fuel, company cars, etc.
Labour
costs other than wages and salaries (OTH - non-wage costs) include
the employers’ social contributions plus employment taxes regarded
as labour costs less subsidies intended to refund part or all of the
employer’s cost of direct remuneration.
Eurostat
publishes Labour Cost Index data for NACE Rev. 2 sections B to S. The
aggregate is referred to as "Whole economy" for the sake of
simplification, even if agriculture, activities of households as
employers and activities of extraterritorial organisations are
excluded. For more breakdowns and further definitions please refer
to:
- The euro area (EA18) includes Belgium, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Cyprus, Luxembourg, Latvia, Malta, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Slovenia, Slovakia and Finland.
The European Union (EU28)
includes Belgium (BE), Bulgaria (BG), the Czech Republic (CZ),
Denmark (DK), Germany (DE), Estonia (EE), Ireland (IE), Greece (EL),
Spain (ES), France (FR), Croatia (HR), Italy (IT), Cyprus (CY),
Latvia (LV), Lithuania (LT), Luxembourg (LU), Hungary (HU), Malta
(MT), the Netherlands (NL), Austria (AT), Poland (PL), Portugal (PT),
Romania (RO), Slovenia (SI), Slovakia (SK), Finland (FI), Sweden (SE)
and the United Kingdom (UK).
- Compared with News Release 43/2014 of 19 March 2014, annual growth rates for the total economy for the fourth quarter of 2013 were revised from +1.4% to +1.6% for the EA18 and from +1.2% to +1.4% for the EU28.
Nominal
hourly labour costs
%
change compared with same quarter of previous year – working day
adjusted
|
|
Whole
economy(NACE
Rev. 2 sections B to S)
|
|
||||||||||||||
|
Q1
2013
|
Q2
2013
|
Q3
2013
|
Q4
2013
|
Q1
2014
|
|
|||||||||||
|
TOTAL
|
WAGES
|
OTHER
|
TOTAL
|
WAGES
|
OTHER
|
TOTAL
|
WAGES
|
OTHER
|
TOTAL
|
WAGES
|
OTHER
|
TOTAL
|
WAGES
|
OTHER
|
|
|
|
EA18
|
2.1
|
2.2
|
1.8
|
1.2
|
1.5
|
0.5
|
1.2
|
1.4
|
0.7
|
1.6
|
2.0
|
0.4
|
0.9
|
1.5
|
-0.8
|
|
|
EU28
|
2.3
|
2.3
|
2.2
|
1.2
|
1.4
|
0.6
|
1.2
|
1.3
|
0.6
|
1.4
|
1.7
|
0.4
|
1.2
|
1.7
|
-0.3
|
|
|
Belgium
|
2.5
|
2.7
|
2.4
|
2.2
|
2.3
|
2.1
|
2.1
|
2.2
|
1.9
|
1.6
|
1.6
|
1.5
|
0.8
|
0.8
|
0.8
|
|
|
Bulgaria
|
8.7
|
9.2
|
7.4
|
8.6
|
8.6
|
7.1
|
7.1
|
7.2
|
6.4
|
8.4
|
8.7
|
7.0
|
3.6
|
2.8
|
7.5
|
|
|
Czech
Republic*
|
5.4
|
5.5
|
5.4
|
1.5
|
1.5
|
1.4
|
-2.9
|
-2.9
|
-2.9
|
0.2
|
0.1
|
0.3
|
2.2
|
2.2
|
2.3
|
|
|
Denmark
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.2
|
1.4
|
1.4
|
1.2
|
0.8
|
0.7
|
1.3
|
0.9
|
0.9
|
0.6
|
c
|
c
|
c
|
|
|
Germany
|
4.2
|
3.8
|
5.4
|
1.8
|
2.0
|
0.9
|
1.8
|
2.0
|
1.0
|
2.2
|
2.4
|
1.5
|
1.1
|
2.3
|
-3.0
|
|
|
Estonia
|
7.9
|
8.1
|
7.4
|
7.6
|
7.8
|
7.0
|
7.7
|
8.1
|
6.7
|
7.2
|
7.7
|
6.0
|
6.8
|
7.0
|
6.2
|
|
|
Ireland
|
0.1
|
0.4
|
-0.4
|
0.6
|
0.4
|
1.2
|
-1.6
|
-1.3
|
-3.9
|
0.7
|
0.2
|
5.0
|
-0.2
|
-0.3
|
-1.3
|
|
|
Greece
|
-9.1
|
-10.0
|
-7.1
|
-8.4
|
-7.7
|
-10.7
|
-2.0
|
c
|
c
|
:
|
:
|
:
|
:
|
:
|
:
|
|
|
Spain
|
-0.8
|
-1.5
|
0.7
|
-0.4
|
-0.7
|
0.5
|
0.5
|
-0.1
|
2.1
|
3.1
|
3.7
|
1.2
|
0.5
|
0.6
|
0.4
|
|
|
France
|
0.3
|
1.6
|
-2.5
|
0.6
|
1.9
|
-2.2
|
0.5
|
1.7
|
-1.9
|
0.4
|
1.7
|
-2.0
|
1.2
|
1.8
|
-0.1
|
|
|
Croatia*
|
4.1
|
4.1
|
4.1
|
-0.6
|
-0.6
|
-0.6
|
0.3
|
0.3
|
0.3
|
0.2
|
0.2
|
0.2
|
-1.7
|
-1.7
|
-1.7
|
|
|
Italy
|
2.8
|
2.7
|
3.0
|
1.4
|
1.2
|
2.0
|
0.9
|
0.7
|
1.4
|
1.6
|
1.3
|
2.4
|
-0.1
|
-0.2
|
0.2
|
|
|
Cyprus
|
-1.3
|
-2.0
|
2.4
|
-5.5
|
-6.0
|
-2.7
|
-6.8
|
-7.0
|
-6.0
|
-7.1
|
-7.3
|
-5.6
|
-6.9
|
-7.9
|
-1.2
|
|
|
Latvia
|
4.8
|
4.6
|
5.5
|
4.2
|
4.3
|
4.0
|
5.8
|
5.4
|
6.7
|
5.9
|
5.7
|
6.6
|
7.0
|
7.7
|
4.0
|
|
|
Lithuania
|
6.7
|
6.3
|
7.6
|
5.7
|
5.2
|
7.1
|
6.7
|
6.4
|
7.4
|
5.0
|
5.1
|
5.0
|
3.6
|
3.6
|
3.4
|
|
|
Luxembourg
|
5.2
|
5.1
|
5.1
|
2.5
|
2.5
|
2.5
|
1.7
|
1.8
|
1.5
|
2.9
|
3.0
|
2.5
|
2.8
|
3.0
|
1.6
|
|
|
Hungary
|
3.3
|
5.3
|
-3.4
|
1.7
|
3.5
|
-4.3
|
1.0
|
2.9
|
-5.3
|
2.2
|
4.3
|
-4.7
|
3.4
|
3.1
|
4.1
|
|
|
Malta*
|
5.3
|
5.7
|
1.2
|
1.7
|
2.0
|
-1.5
|
3.0
|
3.2
|
1.4
|
0.2
|
0.5
|
-2.5
|
1.5
|
1.7
|
-0.2
|
|
|
Netherlands
|
2.5
|
1.9
|
4.7
|
2.6
|
1.9
|
4.9
|
2.8
|
1.8
|
6.3
|
1.7
|
2.9
|
-2.6
|
0.7
|
0.9
|
-0.2
|
|
|
Austria*
|
4.9
|
4.4
|
6.7
|
2.1
|
1.9
|
3.0
|
3.9
|
3.7
|
4.5
|
2.1
|
1.9
|
2.6
|
3.0
|
3.0
|
2.9
|
|
|
Poland
|
3.6
|
3.5
|
3.9
|
2.0
|
2.0
|
2.2
|
2.3
|
2.3
|
2.2
|
3.7
|
3.7
|
4.0
|
4.2
|
3.6
|
6.7
|
|
|
Portugal
|
-1.5
|
-1.3
|
-2.1
|
1.8
|
1.2
|
4.1
|
0.2
|
-1.2
|
5.1
|
0.5
|
-0.5
|
3.8
|
1.5
|
0.9
|
3.6
|
|
|
Romania
|
8.5
|
8.5
|
8.5
|
6.0
|
6.0
|
6.0
|
4.2
|
4.2
|
4.2
|
3.2
|
3.2
|
3.2
|
5.3
|
5.3
|
5.3
|
|
|
Slovenia
|
-3.8
|
-3.8
|
-3.7
|
-5.9
|
-5.9
|
-5.9
|
-0.6
|
-0.5
|
-1.6
|
2.2
|
2.2
|
1.7
|
2.5
|
3.0
|
-0.3
|
|
|
Slovakia
|
5.6
|
4.8
|
8.6
|
3.9
|
3.0
|
6.6
|
2.3
|
1.7
|
4.6
|
2.3
|
0.8
|
6.7
|
3.3
|
3.5
|
2.8
|
|
|
Finland
|
2.7
|
3.5
|
2.4
|
1.4
|
1.8
|
0.7
|
0.8
|
1.4
|
0.6
|
1.6
|
1.9
|
1.0
|
1.2
|
1.1
|
1.9
|
|
|
Sweden
|
2.4
|
2.6
|
2.0
|
1.8
|
2.1
|
1.3
|
1.9
|
2.2
|
1.2
|
1.8
|
2.1
|
1.0
|
2.6
|
2.8
|
2.1
|
|
|
United
Kingdom
|
1.9
|
1.4
|
4.0
|
0.8
|
0.8
|
1.4
|
0.4
|
0.5
|
-0.4
|
0.5
|
0.6
|
0.1
|
1.6
|
2.0
|
0.2
|
|
Labour
cost data are subject to revision, in particular for the latest
quarters, when new source data become available.
:
Data not available * Not working day adjusted c Confidential
TOTAL
= total labour costs WAGES = wage and salary costs OTHER = non-wage
costs
Nominal hourly labour costs for the business /
mainly non-business economy
%
change compared with same quarter of previous year – working day
adjusted
|
|
Business
economy(NACE
Rev. 2 section B to N)
|
Mainly
non-business economy(NACE
Rev. 2 section O to S)
|
||||||||||||
|
Q1/13
|
Q2/13
|
Q3/13
|
Q4/13
|
Q1
2014
|
Q1/13
|
Q2/13
|
Q3/13
|
Q4/13
|
Q1
2014
|
|||||
|
TOT
|
TOT
|
TOT
|
TOT
|
TOT
|
WAG
|
OTH
|
TOT
|
TOT
|
TOT
|
TOT
|
TOT
|
WAG
|
OTH
|
|
|
EA18
|
2.1
|
1.3
|
1.2
|
1.2
|
1.1
|
1.7
|
-0.5
|
2.0
|
1.1
|
1.4
|
2.5
|
0.5
|
1.1
|
-1.3
|
|
EU28
|
2.3
|
1.3
|
1.1
|
1.1
|
1.5
|
1.9
|
0.0
|
2.2
|
1.0
|
1.2
|
2.0
|
0.6
|
1.1
|
-0.8
|
|
Belgium
|
2.4
|
2.0
|
1.9
|
1.4
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
2.8
|
2.9
|
2.8
|
2.0
|
0.3
|
0.3
|
0.3
|
|
Bulgaria
|
8.7
|
8.6
|
7.4
|
9.0
|
2.8
|
2.0
|
7.1
|
8.8
|
8.4
|
6.1
|
6.5
|
6.6
|
6.1
|
9.0
|
|
Czech
Republic*
|
5.1
|
1.6
|
-2.5
|
-0.2
|
2.9
|
2.9
|
2.9
|
6.6
|
1.0
|
-4.0
|
1.3
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
|
Denmark
|
1.2
|
1.8
|
1.2
|
1.4
|
c
|
c
|
c
|
0.6
|
0.7
|
0.1
|
0.1
|
c
|
c
|
c
|
|
Germany
|
4.2
|
1.4
|
1.2
|
1.8
|
1.1
|
2.2
|
-2.9
|
4.0
|
2.7
|
3.3
|
3.2
|
0.9
|
2.4
|
-3.2
|
|
Estonia
|
8.0
|
9.0
|
7.8
|
6.7
|
6.4
|
6.6
|
5.9
|
7.5
|
3.9
|
7.8
|
8.8
|
8.1
|
8.3
|
7.5
|
|
Ireland
|
0.1
|
0.9
|
-1.0
|
2.0
|
1.3
|
1.5
|
-1.8
|
0.0
|
0.1
|
-2.6
|
-1.8
|
-3.0
|
-3.4
|
0.3
|
|
Greece
|
-11.1
|
-7.8
|
-3.5
|
:
|
:
|
:
|
:
|
-5.8
|
-9.6
|
0.4
|
:
|
:
|
:
|
:
|
|
Spain
|
-0.1
|
0.2
|
1.1
|
-0.1
|
0.0
|
0.1
|
-0.2
|
-2.4
|
-2.0
|
-1.1
|
10.9
|
2.0
|
1.9
|
2.0
|
|
France
|
-0.1
|
0.4
|
0.4
|
0.3
|
1.6
|
2.3
|
0.1
|
1.2
|
1.2
|
0.8
|
0.8
|
0.3
|
0.7
|
-0.4
|
|
Croatia*
|
5.4
|
0.7
|
1.4
|
1.0
|
-2.1
|
-2.1
|
-2.1
|
1.9
|
-2.8
|
-1.9
|
-1.2
|
-1.0
|
-1.0
|
-1.0
|
|
Italy
|
2.9
|
2.3
|
1.7
|
2.3
|
0.7
|
0.4
|
1.4
|
2.5
|
-0.3
|
-0.6
|
0.3
|
-1.5
|
-1.4
|
-1.8
|
|
Cyprus
|
1.2
|
-4.3
|
-5.5
|
-6.2
|
-6.4
|
-7.0
|
-3.2
|
-6.4
|
-7.8
|
-9.4
|
-8.8
|
-7.6
|
-9.5
|
3.8
|
|
Latvia
|
4.7
|
3.9
|
4.9
|
5.4
|
7.0
|
7.8
|
3.9
|
4.7
|
4.9
|
7.7
|
7.0
|
6.4
|
6.9
|
3.4
|
|
Lithuania
|
7.7
|
7.3
|
7.9
|
6.0
|
4.0
|
4.1
|
3.9
|
4.2
|
2.5
|
5.1
|
2.8
|
2.3
|
2.4
|
2.0
|
|
Luxembourg
|
5.8
|
2.6
|
1.8
|
2.9
|
2.9
|
3.1
|
1.3
|
3.3
|
2.2
|
1.2
|
3.0
|
2.6
|
2.6
|
2.5
|
|
Hungary
|
1.8
|
1.7
|
1.9
|
1.6
|
4.7
|
4.5
|
5.4
|
7.3
|
1.7
|
-1.2
|
3.8
|
0.2
|
-0.2
|
1.3
|
|
Malta*
|
6.4
|
2.4
|
1.9
|
-1.2
|
-0.3
|
-0.2
|
-2.0
|
3.3
|
0.3
|
4.4
|
3.1
|
5.1
|
5.7
|
1.6
|
|
Netherlands
|
3.0
|
3.1
|
3.1
|
2.3
|
0.1
|
0.3
|
-0.5
|
1.4
|
1.7
|
2.0
|
0.5
|
1.9
|
2.5
|
0.3
|
|
Austria*
|
4.1
|
2.1
|
3.8
|
2.0
|
3.5
|
3.6
|
3.3
|
7.3
|
2.4
|
4.3
|
2.2
|
1.4
|
1.2
|
1.8
|
|
Poland
|
3.6
|
1.9
|
2.8
|
5.1
|
5.0
|
4.3
|
8.0
|
3.5
|
2.3
|
1.0
|
0.0
|
2.1
|
1.8
|
3.2
|
|
Portugal
|
-1.6
|
1.3
|
-1.5
|
-5.2
|
5.8
|
4.7
|
9.8
|
-1.3
|
2.5
|
2.5
|
9.7
|
-4.5
|
-4.8
|
-3.5
|
|
Romania
|
5.5
|
3.4
|
2.9
|
3.0
|
6.2
|
6.3
|
6.2
|
19.3
|
15.1
|
8.5
|
4.0
|
2.4
|
2.4
|
2.4
|
|
Slovenia
|
-1.8
|
-5.7
|
0.7
|
2.5
|
2.7
|
3.4
|
-2.2
|
-8.2
|
-6.3
|
-3.6
|
1.5
|
2.1
|
1.8
|
4.2
|
|
Slovakia
|
4.9
|
3.6
|
1.9
|
1.7
|
3.6
|
3.9
|
2.7
|
7.6
|
4.5
|
3.4
|
3.8
|
2.6
|
2.4
|
3.2
|
|
Finland
|
3.2
|
1.5
|
0.4
|
1.7
|
1.5
|
1.4
|
2.5
|
2.0
|
1.3
|
1.4
|
1.6
|
0.8
|
0.8
|
1.2
|
|
Sweden
|
2.1
|
1.8
|
1.7
|
1.6
|
2.9
|
3.1
|
2.4
|
3.1
|
1.9
|
2.2
|
2.0
|
2.0
|
2.2
|
1.6
|
|
United
Kingdom
|
1.9
|
1.1
|
0.6
|
0.5
|
2.0
|
2.3
|
0.1
|
1.8
|
0.1
|
0.0
|
0.5
|
0.4
|
1.0
|
0.2
|
Labour
cost data are subject to revision, in particular for the latest
quarters, when new source data become available.
:
Data not available * Not working day adjusted c Confidential
TOT
= total labour costs WAG = wage and salary costs OTH = non-wage
costs
Nominal hourly labour costs by main economic activity branches for
the business economy
%
change compared with same quarter of previous year – working day
adjusted
|
|
Industry(NACE
Rev. 2 sections B to E)
|
Construction
(NACE Rev. 2 section F) |
Services(NACE
Rev. 2 section G to N)
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
Q1/13
|
Q2/13
|
Q3/13
|
Q4/13
|
Q1
2014
|
Q1/13
|
Q2/13
|
Q3/13
|
Q4/13
|
Q1
2014
|
Q1/13
|
Q2/13
|
Q3/13
|
Q4/13
|
Q1
2014
|
|||||||
|
TOT
|
TOT
|
TOT
|
TOT
|
TOT
|
WAG
|
OTH
|
TOT
|
TOT
|
TOT
|
TOT
|
TOT
|
WAG
|
OTH
|
TOT
|
TOT
|
TOT
|
TOT
|
TOT
|
WAG
|
OTH
|
|
|
EA18
|
3.3
|
1.8
|
1.6
|
1.6
|
0.7
|
1.3
|
-1.3
|
1.6
|
0.9
|
0.0
|
1.2
|
1.9
|
2.5
|
0.2
|
1.6
|
1.1
|
1.1
|
1.0
|
1.3
|
1.7
|
-0.2
|
|
EU28
|
3.3
|
1.7
|
1.5
|
1.5
|
1.1
|
1.7
|
-0.9
|
1.5
|
0.5
|
0.0
|
1.2
|
1.9
|
2.5
|
0.2
|
2.0
|
1.2
|
1.1
|
1.0
|
1.6
|
1.9
|
0.3
|
|
Belgium
|
2.4
|
1.8
|
1.4
|
1.1
|
1.2
|
1.2
|
1.2
|
2.7
|
2.4
|
2.1
|
1.8
|
1.3
|
1.1
|
1.3
|
2.3
|
2.0
|
2.1
|
1.5
|
0.9
|
0.9
|
0.8
|
|
Bulgaria
|
5.1
|
4.4
|
4.1
|
4.7
|
5.1
|
4.7
|
8.3
|
1.6
|
4.9
|
3.4
|
4.1
|
4.4
|
4.4
|
4.2
|
11.7
|
11.4
|
9.8
|
12.0
|
1.3
|
0.4
|
6.8
|
|
Czech
Republic*
|
5.2
|
1.7
|
-1.7
|
2.0
|
4.4
|
4.4
|
4.4
|
5.4
|
2.7
|
-2.4
|
-6.2
|
-0.1
|
-0.1
|
-0.1
|
4.9
|
1.4
|
-3.1
|
-1.0
|
2.1
|
2.1
|
2.1
|
|
Denmark
|
1.8
|
2.0
|
2.1
|
2.2
|
c
|
c
|
c
|
-1.3
|
-0.8
|
-0.1
|
-0.6
|
c
|
c
|
c
|
1.3
|
1.9
|
1.0
|
1.3
|
c
|
c
|
c
|
|
Germany
|
5.5
|
1.7
|
2.3
|
2.1
|
0.4
|
1.5
|
-3.6
|
1.7
|
-1.3
|
-1.9
|
2.5
|
2.4
|
3.5
|
-1.3
|
3.7
|
1.6
|
0.7
|
1.4
|
1.5
|
2.6
|
-2.6
|
|
Estonia
|
8.7
|
6.8
|
8.4
|
7.9
|
5.5
|
6.0
|
4.1
|
10.7
|
12.3
|
10.6
|
2.2
|
5.1
|
5.2
|
4.7
|
7.1
|
9.7
|
7.0
|
6.9
|
7.1
|
7.2
|
7.0
|
|
Ireland
|
-2.9
|
0.1
|
-2.3
|
1.3
|
1.3
|
1.7
|
-3.0
|
-0.9
|
6.2
|
-4.1
|
3.0
|
5.4
|
5.4
|
6.4
|
1.4
|
0.7
|
-0.3
|
2.1
|
1.0
|
1.1
|
-1.8
|
|
Greece
|
-5.9
|
-4.9
|
-5.1
|
:
|
:
|
:
|
:
|
-6.1
|
-7.3
|
-6.1
|
:
|
:
|
:
|
:
|
-12.8
|
-8.5
|
-2.9
|
:
|
:
|
:
|
:
|
|
Spain
|
2.0
|
1.0
|
1.6
|
0.3
|
-0.1
|
0.4
|
-1.6
|
0.2
|
1.2
|
-1.0
|
-0.4
|
-0.1
|
-0.5
|
0.9
|
-1.0
|
-0.2
|
1.1
|
-0.1
|
-0.1
|
0.0
|
0.1
|
|
France
|
0.2
|
0.9
|
1.0
|
0.4
|
1.6
|
2.3
|
0.0
|
-0.4
|
-0.4
|
0.3
|
0.1
|
1.7
|
2.4
|
-0.2
|
-0.2
|
0.2
|
0.2
|
0.3
|
1.7
|
2.3
|
0.1
|
|
Croatia*
|
6.4
|
1.5
|
2.4
|
0.8
|
-1.9
|
-1.9
|
-1.9
|
6.5
|
2.6
|
3.6
|
1.5
|
-4.1
|
-4.1
|
-4.1
|
4.7
|
0.0
|
0.6
|
1.1
|
-1.9
|
-1.9
|
-1.9
|
|
Italy
|
2.5
|
2.0
|
1.3
|
2.3
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
-0.1
|
4.8
|
4.2
|
1.2
|
2.4
|
3.4
|
2.7
|
5.0
|
3.0
|
2.2
|
2.0
|
2.2
|
0.9
|
0.5
|
1.9
|
|
Cyprus
|
-1.2
|
-5.2
|
-3.7
|
-4.6
|
-3.3
|
-4.2
|
1.2
|
-5.2
|
-4.7
|
-6.0
|
-9.1
|
-3.4
|
-4.6
|
5.0
|
2.5
|
-4.1
|
-5.6
|
-6.2
|
-7.5
|
-8.0
|
-4.8
|
|
Latvia
|
5.0
|
4.6
|
5.1
|
5.9
|
6.0
|
6.8
|
3.2
|
5.9
|
7.0
|
5.0
|
7.7
|
7.9
|
9.3
|
3.0
|
4.4
|
3.4
|
4.8
|
4.9
|
7.2
|
7.9
|
4.3
|
|
Lithuania
|
5.5
|
5.2
|
6.9
|
5.3
|
2.7
|
2.9
|
2.2
|
16.3
|
15.0
|
12.6
|
13.7
|
4.3
|
3.4
|
6.2
|
7.3
|
7.1
|
7.6
|
5.0
|
4.6
|
4.8
|
4.2
|
|
Luxembourg
|
3.3
|
3.7
|
0.9
|
1.7
|
1.3
|
1.4
|
0.9
|
5.7
|
2.2
|
2.0
|
2.6
|
-0.5
|
0.3
|
-5.8
|
6.3
|
2.5
|
2.0
|
3.1
|
3.6
|
3.8
|
2.6
|
|
Hungary
|
2.6
|
1.7
|
2.2
|
2.5
|
4.1
|
3.9
|
4.5
|
5.0
|
5.4
|
7.8
|
8.3
|
-2.3
|
-2.5
|
-2.6
|
0.9
|
1.5
|
1.2
|
0.4
|
5.8
|
5.6
|
6.6
|
|
Malta*
|
7.2
|
1.5
|
2.0
|
-4.5
|
-4.2
|
-3.9
|
-8.6
|
-4.2
|
2.2
|
3.8
|
-5.1
|
4.1
|
4.3
|
2.1
|
7.2
|
2.8
|
1.8
|
0.3
|
0.6
|
0.7
|
-0.1
|
|
Netherlands
|
3.9
|
3.9
|
3.2
|
3.6
|
c
|
c
|
c
|
2.4
|
3.5
|
4.0
|
0.9
|
c
|
c
|
c
|
2.8
|
2.7
|
3.0
|
2.1
|
c
|
c
|
c
|
|
Austria*
|
4.8
|
3.2
|
1.4
|
1.9
|
2.9
|
3.0
|
2.6
|
4.4
|
2.1
|
2.1
|
1.1
|
3.3
|
4.1
|
0.7
|
3.7
|
1.4
|
5.3
|
2.2
|
3.9
|
3.8
|
4.1
|
|
Poland
|
4.4
|
2.0
|
2.9
|
3.8
|
5.2
|
4.0
|
10.7
|
0.0
|
0.9
|
0.7
|
7.7
|
3.2
|
3.0
|
4.1
|
3.6
|
2.1
|
3.1
|
6.0
|
5.2
|
4.8
|
6.6
|
|
Portugal
|
-2.4
|
0.9
|
-3.6
|
-4.6
|
4.3
|
2.9
|
10.1
|
1.0
|
5.0
|
1.5
|
-0.1
|
5.7
|
5.4
|
6.5
|
-1.6
|
0.8
|
-0.8
|
-6.6
|
6.7
|
5.7
|
10.4
|
|
Romania
|
6.9
|
5.0
|
3.7
|
4.5
|
6.8
|
6.8
|
6.8
|
1.6
|
3.6
|
3.4
|
3.6
|
-1.7
|
-1.7
|
-1.7
|
5.0
|
2.2
|
2.3
|
1.7
|
7.1
|
7.1
|
7.1
|
|
Slovenia
|
3.6
|
-5.6
|
0.3
|
3.9
|
2.9
|
3.8
|
-2.5
|
-4.1
|
-3.6
|
-1.0
|
-2.0
|
-3.3
|
-2.6
|
-7.5
|
-5.2
|
-6.0
|
1.2
|
2.0
|
3.3
|
4.0
|
-1.2
|
|
Slovakia
|
8.1
|
5.9
|
4.8
|
3.3
|
1.2
|
1.2
|
1.2
|
0.0
|
1.9
|
-1.3
|
-0.5
|
-8.0
|
-8.2
|
-7.5
|
3.0
|
2.1
|
0.1
|
0.7
|
6.5
|
7.1
|
4.8
|
|
Finland
|
3.1
|
1.2
|
-0.7
|
0.1
|
1.3
|
-0.2
|
2.0
|
7.2
|
3.5
|
1.5
|
2.5
|
2.6
|
2.6
|
2.7
|
2.7
|
1.4
|
1.0
|
2.5
|
1.5
|
c
|
c
|
|
Sweden
|
1.3
|
2.8
|
1.1
|
1.0
|
2.9
|
3.0
|
2.7
|
3.1
|
1.0
|
2.3
|
1.6
|
2.7
|
3.1
|
1.7
|
2.2
|
1.5
|
1.9
|
1.8
|
2.9
|
3.2
|
2.3
|
|
United
Kingdom
|
2.6
|
0.7
|
-0.1
|
-0.3
|
1.6
|
2.8
|
-4.4
|
-0.2
|
-2.1
|
-1.5
|
1.2
|
2.2
|
3.1
|
-1.2
|
1.9
|
1.5
|
1.0
|
0.7
|
2.0
|
2.1
|
1.4
|
Labour
cost data are subject to revision, in particular for the latest
quarters, when new source data become available.
:
Data not available * Not working day adjusted c Confidential
TOT
= total labour costs WAG = wage and salary costs OTH = non-wage costs
STAT/14/94
17 June 2014
First quarter of 2014
Euro
area job vacancy rate up to 1.7%
EU28 up to 1.6%
Today,
Eurostat publishes for the first time a News Release with quarterly
data on the job vacancy rate. This new euro-indicator provides
information on the demand side of the labour market. It will be
issued regularly at around ten weeks after the end of the reference
quarter1.
A flash estimate of the job vacancy rate is available in Eurostat's
database at around six weeks after the end of the reference quarter.
The
job vacancy rate2
in the euro
area3
(EA18) was 1.7% in the first quarter of 2014, up
from 1.6% recorded both in the previous quarter and in the first
quarter of 2013,
according to figures published by Eurostat,
the statistical office of the European Union.
The job vacancy rate in the EU283
was 1.6%
in the first quarter of 2014, up from 1.5% recorded in the previous
quarter and in the first quarter of 2013.
* Data
for EU27 up to 2009 Q4, data for EU28 from 2010 Q1. Differences
between the two zones are well below 0.01 percentage points.
Within
industry and construction, the job vacancy rate for the euro
area
was 1.1% in the first
quarter
of 2014 and 2.3% for services. In the EU28
the rate was 1.1% in industry and construction and 2.0% in services.
Member
States
Among
the Member States for which comparable5
data are available, the highest job vacancy rates in the first
quarter of 2014 were recorded in Germany
(2.9%), the
United Kingdom
(2.1%) and
Belgium
(2.0%), and the lowest in Cyprus
(0.2%),
Poland
(0.4%
in the fourth quarter of 2013) and Latvia
(0.5%).
*
Data for Greece refers to the third quarter of 2013, while data for
Poland and Finland refer to the fourth quarter of 2013.
Among
the Member States for which data for the first quarter of 2014 are
available6,
the job
vacancy rate rose
in thirteen, remained stable in nine and fell in three compared with
the first quarter of 2013. The largest increases were registered in
the United
Kingdom
(+0.4 percentage points), Denmark
and Germany
(both +0.3 p.p.), and the decreases in Belgium,
Spain
and Austria
(all -0.2 p.p.).
- Provisional release dates during 2014 are:
- Data for the second quarter of 2014 – 16 September 2014
- Data for the third quarter of 2014 – 18 December 2014
- The job vacancy rate (JVR) measures the proportion of total posts that are vacant, expressed as a percentage:
JVR
= (number of job vacancies)
/ (number of occupied posts + number of job vacancies).
A
job
vacancy
is defined as a paid post (newly created, unoccupied or about to
become vacant) for which the employer is taking active steps to find
a suitable candidate from outside the enterprise concerned and is
prepared to take more steps and which the employer intends to fill
either immediately or in the near future. Under this definition, a
job vacancy should be open to candidates from outside an enterprise.
However, this does not exclude the possibility of the employer
recruiting an internal candidate for the post. A vacant post that is
open only to internal candidates should not be treated as a job
vacancy.
An
occupied
post
is a paid post within an organisation to which an employee has been
assigned.
Job
vacancy rates cover NACE Rev. 1 sections
A to O until the fourth quarter of 2008 and NACE Rev. 2 sections B to
S from the first quarter of 2009. These aggregates are referred to as
“Whole economy” for the sake of simplification, even if
agriculture, activities of households as employers and activities of
extraterritorial organisations are excluded. NACE Rev. 2 sections B
to S includes the industry (B to E), construction (F) and services (G
to N) sectors together with (mainly) non-market services (O to S).
- The EA18 includes Belgium, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Slovenia, Slovakia and Finland.
The
EU28 includes Belgium, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark,
Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Croatia, Italy,
Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Hungary, Malta, the
Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia,
Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
The tables also
include data for Norway, Switzerland and the former Yugoslav Republic
of Macedonia.
- The job vacancy rates for the EU and euro area aggregates are based on Member State data, including estimates for recent periods when values are not yet available. If national data are only available for a sub-population, for example excluding smaller units or some activities (see footnote 5), this sub-population is used in the computation of the job vacancy rate for the aggregates.
- This excludes Denmark, France, Italy and Malta for which job vacancies do not cover the whole economy. In France and Italy, only business units with 10 employees or more are surveyed. Moreover, in the case of public administration, education and human health (NACE Rev. 2 sections O, P and Q), public institutions are not covered. In Denmark, only units within the business economy (NACE Rev 2 sections B to N) are surveyed. In Malta, only units with 10 employees or more are surveyed.
France delivers
annual data with coverage extended to units with less than 10
employees within the sectors provided. The last available data
(reference year 2012) indicate a job vacancy rate of 1.0% for the
economy covered.
- This excludes Greece, Poland and Finland.
Issued
by: Eurostat
Press Office
Tim ALLEN
Tel: +352-4301-33 444
For further information
on data:
Sammy
LAURITSEN
Tel: +352-4301-35 742
Eurostat
news releases on the internet: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat
Selected
Principal European Economic Indicators:
http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/euroindicators
Follow
Eurostat on Twitter:
http://twitter.com/EU_Eurostat
Job
vacancy rates – whole economy (%)
-
Not seasonally adjusted -
|
|
2013Q1
|
2013Q2
|
2013Q3
|
2013Q4
|
2014Q1
|
|
EA184
|
1.6
|
1.5
|
1.4
|
1.6
|
1.7
|
|
EU284
|
1.5
|
1.5
|
1.4
|
1.5
|
1.6
|
|
Belgium
|
2.2
|
2.5
|
2.4
|
2.4
|
2.0
|
|
Bulgaria
|
0.7
|
0.6
|
0.6
|
0.6
|
0.9
|
|
Czech
Republic
|
0.9
|
0.9
|
1.0
|
0.9
|
1.0
|
|
Germany
|
2.6
|
2.5
|
2.3
|
2.8
|
2.9
|
|
Estonia
|
1.3
|
1.5
|
1.7
|
1.2
|
1.4
|
|
Ireland
|
0.7
|
0.7
|
0.7
|
0.7
|
0.7
|
|
Greece
|
c
|
0.7
|
0.8
|
:
|
:
|
|
Spain
|
0.8
|
0.9
|
0.7
|
0.6
|
0.6
|
|
Croatia
|
1.2
|
1.1
|
0.5
|
0.5
|
1.2
|
|
Cyprus
|
0.2
|
0.8
|
0.4
|
0.2
|
0.2
|
|
Latvia
|
0.5
|
0.5
|
0.4
|
0.4
|
0.5
|
|
Lithuania
|
0.8
|
0.8
|
1.2
|
0.9
|
1.0
|
|
Luxembourg
|
0.7
|
0.7
|
0.7
|
0.7
|
0.9
|
|
Hungary
|
1.4
|
1.3
|
1.2
|
1.1
|
1.4
|
|
Netherlands
|
1.2
|
1.2
|
1.2
|
1.2
|
1.4
|
|
Austria
|
1.9
|
1.8
|
1.6
|
1.7
|
1.7
|
|
Poland
|
0.4
|
0.4
|
0.4
|
0.4
|
c
|
|
Portugal
|
0.4
|
0.4
|
0.4
|
0.4
|
0.6
|
|
Romania
|
0.7
|
0.7
|
0.8
|
0.7
|
0.9
|
|
Slovenia
|
0.7
|
0.7
|
0.8
|
0.6
|
0.7
|
|
Slovakia
|
0.9
|
0.8
|
0.9
|
0.8
|
0.9
|
|
Finland
|
2.0
|
1.4
|
1.1
|
0.7
|
c
|
|
Sweden
|
1.7
|
1.6
|
1.2
|
1.3
|
1.9
|
|
United
Kingdom
|
1.7
|
1.9
|
2.0
|
2.0
|
2.1
|
|
Norway
|
2.7
|
2.9
|
2.3
|
2.0
|
2.4
|
|
Switzerland
|
1.2
|
1.2
|
1.2
|
1.1
|
1.3
|
|
former
Yug. Rep. of Macedonia
|
1.1
|
1.1
|
1.1
|
1.3
|
1.5
|
Job vacancy rates
– restricted coverage5
(%)
-
Not seasonally adjusted -
|
|
2013Q1
|
2013Q2
|
2013Q3
|
2013Q4
|
2014Q1
|
|
Denmark
|
1.2
|
1.4
|
1.4
|
1.2
|
1.5
|
|
France
|
0.6
|
0.6
|
0.5
|
0.5
|
0.6
|
|
Italy
|
0.5
|
0.5
|
0.4
|
0.4
|
0.6
|
|
Malta
|
2.0
|
3.0
|
2.0
|
1.4
|
2.0
|
: Data
not available
c Confidential
Job vacancy rates
by main economic activity branches (%)
-
Not seasonally adjusted -
|
|
Industry
and construction(NACE
Rev. 2 section B to F)
|
Services(NACE
Rev. 2 section G to N)
|
||||||||
|
2013Q1
|
2013Q2
|
2013Q3
|
2013Q4
|
2014Q1
|
2013Q1
|
2013Q2
|
2013Q3
|
2013Q4
|
2014Q1
|
|
|
EA18
|
1.0
|
0.9
|
1.0
|
1.3
|
1.1
|
2.1
|
2.0
|
1.8
|
1.9
|
2.3
|
|
EU28
|
1.0
|
0.9
|
1.0
|
1.1
|
1.1
|
1.9
|
1.9
|
1.8
|
1.8
|
2.0
|
|
Belgium
|
2.2
|
2.1
|
2.3
|
2.2
|
2.0
|
2.6
|
3.1
|
2.7
|
2.6
|
2.5
|
|
Bulgaria
|
0.5
|
0.5
|
0.5
|
0.5
|
0.5
|
0.4
|
0.3
|
0.3
|
0.3
|
0.8
|
|
Czech
Republic
|
0.7
|
0.7
|
0.7
|
0.7
|
0.8
|
1.5
|
1.6
|
1.8
|
1.6
|
1.8
|
|
Denmark
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
0.9
|
1.2
|
1.3
|
1.5
|
1.5
|
1.4
|
1.6
|
|
Germany
|
1.4
|
1.4
|
1.5
|
2.3
|
1.7
|
3.9
|
3.8
|
3.5
|
3.7
|
4.4
|
|
Estonia
|
1.2
|
1.4
|
1.4
|
1.1
|
1.3
|
1.4
|
1.6
|
1.7
|
1.4
|
1.5
|
|
Ireland
|
0.7
|
0.4
|
0.4
|
0.6
|
0.5
|
0.8
|
0.8
|
0.9
|
0.8
|
1.0
|
|
Greece
|
c
|
0.8
|
1.4
|
:
|
:
|
c
|
1.2
|
1.3
|
:
|
:
|
|
Spain
|
0.3
|
0.4
|
0.4
|
0.3
|
0.3
|
0.6
|
0.8
|
0.6
|
0.4
|
0.5
|
|
Croatia
|
0.7
|
0.4
|
0.3
|
0.3
|
1.0
|
1.2
|
0.9
|
0.4
|
0.3
|
0.8
|
|
Cyprus
|
0.3
|
0.4
|
0.5
|
0.3
|
0.3
|
0.2
|
1.1
|
0.3
|
0.3
|
0.2
|
|
Latvia
|
0.2
|
0.2
|
0.2
|
0.2
|
0.2
|
0.4
|
0.4
|
0.4
|
0.4
|
0.4
|
|
Lithuania
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.6
|
1.0
|
1.1
|
0.7
|
0.7
|
1.3
|
0.9
|
1.1
|
|
Luxembourg
|
0.4
|
0.3
|
0.4
|
0.4
|
0.5
|
0.9
|
0.9
|
0.9
|
0.9
|
1.2
|
|
Hungary
|
1.2
|
1.2
|
1.1
|
1.1
|
1.3
|
1.0
|
0.9
|
0.8
|
0.7
|
1.1
|
|
Netherlands
|
1.0
|
1.0
|
1.1
|
1.1
|
1.2
|
1.5
|
1.5
|
1.5
|
1.4
|
1.7
|
|
Austria
|
1.5
|
1.4
|
1.1
|
1.1
|
1.6
|
2.7
|
2.6
|
2.4
|
2.5
|
2.3
|
|
Poland
|
0.4
|
0.4
|
0.5
|
0.4
|
c
|
0.5
|
0.5
|
0.5
|
0.5
|
c
|
|
Portugal
|
0.3
|
0.2
|
0.3
|
0.3
|
0.5
|
0.6
|
0.8
|
0.6
|
0.7
|
0.9
|
|
Romania
|
0.8
|
0.8
|
0.8
|
0.7
|
0.9
|
0.4
|
0.5
|
0.5
|
0.4
|
0.6
|
|
Slovenia
|
0.9
|
0.9
|
0.9
|
0.7
|
0.9
|
0.8
|
0.8
|
0.8
|
0.7
|
0.8
|
|
Slovakia
|
0.6
|
0.5
|
0.5
|
0.5
|
0.7
|
0.5
|
0.6
|
0.6
|
0.5
|
0.6
|
|
Finland
|
1.6
|
1.2
|
1.0
|
0.7
|
c
|
2.6
|
1.5
|
1.4
|
0.7
|
c
|
|
Sweden
|
1.1
|
1.3
|
1.0
|
0.9
|
1.3
|
2.0
|
1.9
|
1.5
|
1.7
|
2.1
|
|
United
Kingdom
|
1.4
|
1.5
|
1.5
|
1.5
|
1.7
|
1.9
|
2.2
|
2.3
|
2.4
|
2.3
|
|
Norway
|
2.1
|
2.3
|
1.8
|
1.5
|
1.8
|
3.0
|
3.1
|
2.6
|
2.1
|
2.5
|
|
Switzerland
|
1.3
|
1.2
|
1.2
|
1.2
|
1.3
|
1.4
|
1.4
|
1.4
|
1.4
|
1.5
|
|
former
Yug. Rep. of Macedonia
|
1.5
|
1.2
|
1.5
|
1.6
|
2.0
|
1.1
|
1.5
|
1.1
|
1.2
|
1.7
|
Job vacancy rates
by main economic activity branches (%)
– restricted coverage5
–
-
Not seasonally adjusted
-
|
|
Industry
and construction(NACE
Rev. 2 section B to F)
|
Services(NACE
Rev. 2 section G to N)
|
||||||||
|
2013Q1
|
2013Q2
|
2013Q3
|
2013Q4
|
2014Q1
|
2013Q1
|
2013Q2
|
2013Q3
|
2013Q4
|
2014Q1
|
|
|
France
|
0.5
|
0.5
|
0.5
|
0.5
|
0.5
|
0.6
|
0.5
|
0.5
|
0.5
|
0.7
|
|
Italy
|
0.4
|
0.4
|
0.4
|
0.4
|
0.6
|
0.6
|
0.6
|
0.4
|
0.3
|
0.6
|
|
Malta
|
1.3
|
1.6
|
1.1
|
1.5
|
1.7
|
2.3
|
3.4
|
2.2
|
1.6
|
2.6
|
: Data
not available
c Confidential
